Dongosolo la utsi limapangidwa makamaka ndi chitoliro chotulutsa, muffler, chosinthira chothandizira ndi zida zina zothandizira.Nthawi zambiri, utsi chitoliro cha misa kupanga magalimoto malonda zambiri zopangidwa chitsulo chitoliro, koma n'zosavuta oxidize ndi dzimbiri pansi mobwerezabwereza zochita za kutentha ndi chinyezi.Chitoliro cha utsi ndi cha mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, kotero ambiri amawapopera ndi utoto wosagwira kutentha kwambiri kapena electroplating.Komabe, zimawonjezeranso kulemera.Chifukwa chake, mitundu yambiri tsopano imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kapena ngakhale mapaipi otulutsa titaniyamu aloyi pamasewera.

Zochuluka

Injini inayi ya silinda yambiri nthawi zambiri imatenga chitoliro chophatikizira, chomwe chimasonkhanitsa mapaipi a silinda iliyonse ndikutulutsa mpweya kudzera papaipi ya mchira.Tengani galimoto ya silinda inayi monga chitsanzo.Mtundu wa 4 mu 1 umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.Ubwino wake sikuti umatha kufalitsa phokoso, komanso kuti utha kugwiritsa ntchito inertia yotulutsa ya silinda iliyonse kuti ipititse patsogolo kutulutsa kwamphamvu kuti iwonjezere mphamvu ya akavalo.Koma izi zitha kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu pa liwiro linalake.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa malo ozungulira liwiro pomwe zobwezeredwa zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamahatchi kuti akwere.M'masiku oyambilira, kapangidwe ka utsi wa njinga zamoto zamasilinda angapo ankagwiritsa ntchito makina otulutsa odziyimira pawokha pa silinda iliyonse.Mwanjira iyi, kusokoneza kwa utsi wa silinda iliyonse kumatha kupewedwa, ndipo kutulutsa kotulutsa mpweya ndi kutulutsa mpweya kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera bwino.Choyipa ndichakuti mtengo wa torque umatsika kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira kunja kwa liwiro lokhazikitsidwa.

Kusokoneza utsi

Ntchito yonse yamitundumitundu ndi yabwino kuposa chitoliro chodziyimira pawokha, koma kapangidwe kake kayenera kukhala ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri.Kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa utsi wa silinda iliyonse.Nthawi zambiri, mapaipi awiri opopera a silinda yoyatsira yosiyana amasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi, ndiyeno mapaipi otulutsa a silinda yoyatsira ina amasonkhanitsidwa.Ili ndiye 4 mu 2 mu mtundu umodzi.Iyi ndiye njira yoyambira yopangira kuti musasokonezedwe ndi utsi.Mwachidule, 4 mwa 2 mwa 1 ndi yothandiza kwambiri kuposa 4 mu 1, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amasiyananso.Koma kwenikweni, pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa mphamvu ya utsi wa ziwirizi.Chifukwa pali mbale yolondolera mu chitoliro cha 4 mu 1, pali kusiyana pang'ono pakugwiritsa ntchito.

Kutulutsa inertia

Mpweya uli ndi inertia inayake mumayendedwe othamanga, ndipo kutulutsa mpweya kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa inertia yolowera.Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yotulutsa inertia ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa bwino.Exhaust inertia imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamainjini ochita bwino kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umakankhidwira kunja ndi pisitoni panthawi yotulutsa mpweya.Pistoni ikafika ku TDC, mpweya wotulutsa wotsalira m'chipinda choyaka sungathe kutulutsidwa ndi pisitoni.Mawu awa si olondola kwathunthu.Valavu yotulutsa mpweya ikangotsegulidwa, mpweya wambiri wotulutsa mpweya umatulutsidwa mu valve yotulutsa mpweya pa liwiro lalikulu.Panthawiyi, boma silinakankhidwe ndi pisitoni, koma limatulutsidwa palokha pansi pa kukakamizidwa.Pambuyo pa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umalowa mu chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya pa liwiro lalikulu, udzakula ndikuwotcha nthawi yomweyo.Panthawiyi, ndi mochedwa kwambiri kuti mudzaze malo pakati pa kutulutsa kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo.Chifukwa chake, kupsinjika kwapang'onopang'ono kudzapangidwa kumbuyo kwa valve yotulutsa mpweya.Kupanikizika koyipa kudzatulutsa mpweya wotsalawo.Ngati valavu yolowetsa imatsegulidwa panthawiyi, kusakaniza kwatsopano kungathenso kukokedwa mu silinda, zomwe sizimangowonjezera kutulutsa mpweya wabwino komanso kumapangitsa kuti pakhale bwino.Pamene ma valve olowetsa ndi kutuluka amatsegulidwa nthawi imodzi, mbali ya crankshaft kayendedwe imatchedwa valve overlap angle.Chifukwa chomwe ma valve amapindika amapangidwira ndikugwiritsa ntchito inertia yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yautsi kuti iwonjezere kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza kwatsopano mu silinda.Izi zimawonjezera mphamvu ya akavalo ndi ma torque.Kaya ndi mikwingwirima inayi kapena mikwingwirima iwiri, inertia yotulutsa mpweya ndi kugunda zidzapangidwa panthawi ya kutopa.Komabe, makina olowera mpweya ndi mpweya wa magalimoto awiri othamangitsidwa ndi osiyana ndi magalimoto anayi othamangitsidwa.Iyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi chipinda chokulitsa cha chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya kuti chigwire ntchito yake yaikulu.

Kutulutsa mphamvu

The exhaust pulse ndi mtundu wa pressure wave.Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumapangitsa kuti chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya chiziyenda bwino, ndipo mphamvu yake ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kuyamwa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu.Mphamvu ya mafunde a barotropic ndi yofanana ndi mafunde amphamvu, koma njirayo ndi yosiyana.

Kupopa chodabwitsa

Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya womwe umalowa muzobweza zambiri udzakhala ndi mphamvu pamapaipi ena osatha chifukwa cha inertia yotuluka.Gasi wotulutsa mpweya wochokera ku mapaipi oyandikana nawo amayamwa.Chodabwitsa ichi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya utsi.Kutulutsa kwa silinda imodzi kumatha, ndiyeno kutulutsa kwa silinda ina kumayamba.Tengani poyatsira moyang'anizana ndi silinda ngati mulingo wamagulu ndikuphatikiza chitoliro cha utsi.Sonkhanitsani gulu lina la mapaipi otulutsa mpweya.Pangani 4 mu 2 mu 1 chitsanzo.Gwiritsani ntchito kuyamwa kuti muthe kutopa.

Silencer

Ngati kutentha kwakukulu ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wochokera ku injiniyo utsitsidwa mwachindunji mumlengalenga, mpweyawo udzakula mofulumira ndikutulutsa phokoso lalikulu.Choncho, payenera kukhala zipangizo zoziziritsira ndi zotsekereza.Pali mabowo ambiri otsekereza ndi zipinda zomveka mkati mwa silencer.Pakhoma lamkati pali thonje la fiberglass lomwe limayamwa mawu kuti litenge kugwedezeka ndi phokoso.Chofala kwambiri ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera, chomwe chiyenera kukhala ndi zipinda zazitali komanso zazifupi mkati.Chifukwa kuchotsa phokoso lapamwamba kwambiri kumafuna chipinda chachifupi chokulitsa cha cylindrical.Chipinda chokulirapo cha chubu chachitali chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mawu otsika pafupipafupi.Ngati chipinda chowonjezera chokhala ndi kutalika kofanana chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ma frequency amodzi okha amatha kuthetsedwa.Ngakhale kuti decibel imachepetsedwa, siingathe kutulutsa mawu ovomerezeka m’khutu la munthu.Pambuyo pake, mapangidwe a muffler ayenera kuganizira ngati phokoso la injini likhoza kuvomerezedwa ndi ogula.

Catalyst Converter

Poyamba, ma locomotives sanali okonzeka ndi otembenuza catalytic, koma tsopano chiwerengero cha magalimoto ndi njinga zamoto chawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya chifukwa cha mpweya utsi ndi woopsa kwambiri.Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kuipitsidwa kwa gasi wotulutsa mpweya, ma catalytic converters alipo.Otembenuza oyambirira a binary catalytics amangotembenuza mpweya wa carbon monoxide ndi ma hydrocarbons mu mpweya wotayira kukhala carbon dioxide ndi madzi.Komabe, pali zinthu zovulaza monga nitrogen oxide mu mpweya wotuluka, womwe ungasinthidwe kukhala nayitrogeni wopanda poizoni ndi mpweya pambuyo pochepetsa mankhwala.Chifukwa chake, rhodium, chothandizira chochepetsera, imawonjezeredwa ku chothandizira cha binary.Tsopano ndi ternary catalytic converter.Sitingathe kutsata magwiridwe antchito, mosasamala kanthu za chilengedwe.